The colored surface represents the local flow speed around the ball, while the streamlines show how rotation changes the wake behind the ball. Because the ball is spinning, the air flow becomes asymmetric, producing a pressure difference across the surface. This pressure difference generates a lateral force that curves the trajectory during flight.
In this example, we examine the aerodynamics of a regulation soccer ball traveling at 67 mph. The ball is spinning at 600 revolutions per minute or 10 hertz to produce a side force across the soccer pitch.
The purpose of the simulation is to predict the Magnus effect and figure out the magnitude responsible for a bending free kick.
- To start the simulation in Stallion, we import the STL file of the ball.
- Next, we set the speed, flight angle, and sea level conditions.
- Then, we set the rate of rotation to 10 herz and the normal vector to the desired spin direction.
- Finally, we click the menu to generate the grid and solve the flow.
For this case, Stallion 3D predicted approximately 5.8 Newtons of drag and 5.7 Newtons of side force. These values are consistent with the expected aerodynamic behavior of a spinning soccer ball and demonstrate the software's ability to capture rotational flow effects.
Surface pressures, force components, and aerodynamic moments are computed directly from the Navier Stokes solution. Although this example features a soccer ball, the same numerical methods are used to analyze aircraft, UAVs, rockets, and EV2L vehicles, and of course, a real football as well 😀 By changing the geometry and the operating conditions, Stallion 3D can predict the aerodynamic forces and moments required for engineering design and stability analysis.
Please visit https://www.hanleyinnovations.com to learn more about Stallion 3D
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